Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) was an American writer and lecturer who argued that women needed paid work and financial independence. She developed these arguments in Women and Economics (1898) and wrote and edited The Forerunner from 1909 to 1916. Her experience of depression and a doctor's advice to stop writing helped inspire “The Yellow Wallpaper.”
The story follows a woman whose physician husband prescribes rest and isolation. She secretly keeps a journal that records her growing distress and her attempts to make sense of the room where she spends her days. Gilman also used satire and imagined societies to question expectations about marriage, motherhood, and work. These subjects recur in both her fiction and her essays on women's dependence on men.